Product Description

Most people, when they contemplate the living world, conclude that it is a designed place. So it is jarring when biologists come along and say this is all wrong. What most people see as design, they say--purposeful, directed, even intelligent--is only an illusion, something cooked up in a mind that is eager to see purpose where none exists. In these days of increasingly assertive challenges to Darwinism, the question becomes acute: is our perception of design simply a mental figment, or is there something deeper at work?

Physiologist Scott Turner argues eloquently and convincingly that the apparent design we see in the living world only makes sense when we add to Darwin's towering achievement the dimension that much modern molecular biology has left on the gene-splicing floor: the dynamic interaction between living organisms and their environment. Only when we add environmental physiology to natural selection can we begin to understand the beautiful fit between the form life takes and how life works.

In The Tinkerer's Accomplice, Scott Turner takes up the question of design as a very real problem in biology; his solution poses challenges to all sides in this critical debate.

Product Details

• Amazon Sales Rank: #215469 in Books
• Published on: 2007-01-01
• Original language: English
• Number of items: 1
• Binding: Hardcover
• 304 pages

From Publishers Weekly
Physiologist Turner (The Extended Organism) addresses a tricky question: if trial-and-error Darwinism rests on solid research and plentiful evidence, and Intelligent Design is little more than religion's hollow Trojan horse, from where does the "self-evident design of the living world" spring? Taking on "modern biology's most glaring blind spot," the "phenomenon of design," Turner argues here that design is a true physiological force that works organically, in accord with DNA, to produce ever more environments "upon which homeostasis can be imposed." He makes his case in a way that's as scientific as any biologist's, using thorough research and enlightening illustrations to demonstrate how, for instance, gut design is shaped "as much under the influence of 'foreign' organisms as it is the organism itself." He also uses pop culture analogies (including Spiderman comics and Terry Gilliam's film Brazil), a friendly voice and personal anecdotes, making this a largely welcoming science book-though he occasionally lapses into technical language when simpler speech would do. His unwavering passion for the topic, combined with a sharp focus, makes Turner's latest ideal for science types, design lovers and anyone who's unashamedly analytical about everyday life.
Copyright © Reed Business Information, a division of Reed Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

From Booklist
Assuring readers that he is neither challenging Darwinism nor slipping a disguise over so-called intelligent design, Turner holds that blindly operating natural selection does not preclude what he interprets as intentional biological activity. Not a crank, Turner is a conventional scientist and an expert on termite mounds (The Extended Organism: The Physiology of Animal-Built Structures, 2000). The evidence he adduces does not, Turner often notes, necessitate an organism's awareness of anything, for the intentionality he argues for generally occurs at the level of cells and tissues. He specifically examines the skin of sharks, blood vessels, linings of digestive tracts, and the formation of antlers and bone and other specialized structures, for which a biology background would be helpful to readers' understanding. More accessible are Turner's more philosophical turns, which concede that molecular biology is an indispensable yet somehow incomplete explanation of how bodily structures arise in animals. Though technical to an extent, Turner's thesis should gain traction with those thinking and debating issues in evolution. Gilbert Taylor
Copyright © American Library Association. All rights reserved

Review
Physiologists have traditionally had little to say about evolution, but in this important book, Scott Turner brings his deep understanding of the workings of termite mounds, circulatory systems, brains, and other complex internal environments to bear on the role of design in evolution. Anyone interested in arguments about intelligent design should read this book, in which Turner shows that what appears to us as intentionality exists and evolves in the absence of a brain or an intelligent creator.
--Geerat Vermeij, University of California at Davis (20061215)

Turner reminds us that, to have a coherent science of biology, we must begin by considering how life functions at the level of the organism. Genes matter, but in the end they play only an indirect role. Physiologists have too rarely viewed their subject in a wider evolutionary and environmental context, an omission Turner does much to remedy. An active investigator of long experience, he illuminates concepts with examples from the experimental trenches, from cellular systems to data from organisms in the field. Whether or not one agrees with him, his case for the necessity of such a synthesis remains persuasive.
--Steven Vogel, Duke University, author of Comparative Biomechanics: Life's Physical World (20070108)

Assuring readers that he is neither challenging Darwinism nor slipping a disguise over so-called intelligent design, Turner holds that blindly operating natural selection does not preclude what he interprets as intentional biological activity...The evidence he adduces does not, Turner often notes, necessitate an organism's awareness of anything, for the intentionality he argues for generally occurs at the level of cells and tissues. He specifically examines the skin of sharks, blood vessels, linings of digestive tracts, and the formation of antlers and bone and other specialized structures, for which a biology background would be helpful to readers' understanding. More accessible are Turner's more philosophical turns, which concede that molecular biology is an indispensable yet somehow incomplete explanation of how bodily structures arise in animals. Though technical to an extent, Turner's thesis should gain traction with those thinking and debating issues in evolution.
--Gilbert Taylor (Booklist 20070407)

Physiologist Turner addresses a tricky question: if trial-and-error Darwinism rests on solid research and plentiful evidence, and Intelligent Design is little more than religion's hollow Trojan horse, from where does the 'self-evident design of the living world' spring? Taking on 'modern biology's most glaring blind spot,' the 'phenomenon of design,' Turner argues here that design is a true physiological force that works organically, in accord with DNA, to produce ever more environments 'upon which homeostasis can be imposed.' He makes his case in a way that's as scientific as any biologist's, using thorough research and enlightening illustrations to demonstrate how, for instance, gut design is shaped 'as much under the influence of foreign organisms as [it is] the organism itself.' He also uses pop culture analogies (including Spiderman comics and Terry Gilliam's film Brazil), a friendly voice and personal anecdotes, making this a largely welcoming science...His unwavering passion for the topic, combined with a sharp focus, makes Turner's latest ideal for science types, design lovers and anyone who's unashamedly analytical about everyday life. (Publishers Weekly 20070626)

In his book The Tinkerer's Accomplice, Scott Turner provocatively calls this harmony of structure and function 'designedness', probably because, as he writes, there is 'no better way to open minds than to irritate them a bit.' And he does an excellent job here, not just with the irritation part but also with what follows... It is fun to read Turner's prose, to learn from him about self-organizing systems and their enormous significance in evolution, and to think through his arguments, with all their accompanying intellectual challenges. This important book is for those who search for an understanding of the various forms that life can take and of how life works.
--Claus Wedekind (Nature 20070101)

Turner's outlook is wide and deep...For [him], the key feature of life is "the inexorable partitioning and creating of environments," upon which order can be imposed.
--Beverly Akerman (Gazette )

I'm a professional biologist, but prior to reading J. Scott Turner's latest book, The Tinkerer's Accomplice: How Design Emerges From Life Itself, I spent no time thinking about epitheliums. Now, I am utterly convinced that they are among the most important innovations in the history of multicellular life...The book is marvelously detailed in explaining the physiological bases of such varied phenomena as skeletal and muscular development, schizophrenia, blood vessel architecture, cocaine addiction, ADHD, and vision...As [Turner] delves into the details of animal form and function, you will be struck again and again with wonderment that such intricate mechanisms can exist, much less evolve.
--Blake Suttle (Science and Spirit )

The Tinkerer's Accomplice is a rich mine of fascinating cases in which homeostasis helps an organism or even whole populations of organisms to survive...Turner has given us a compelling account of how concepts of purpose, design, intentionality and goal orientation can enhance the basic ideas of evolution. I have no doubt that Turner is in command of his material. His book may be a real challenge, but I urge a wide reading because the many important aspects of human physiology and evolutionary complexity that Turner takes on apply to all of us, and understanding them can help us to know ourselves better.
--Carl S. Keener (Christian Century )

This is a fascinating book that requires close reading, but it is presented in an enjoyable fashion. Will stimulate and engage anyone with training or curiosity in biology and evolution.
--S.E. (Southeastern Naturalist )

Customer Reviews

Integration of physiology and evolution
Turner's first book (The Extended Organism) was interesting, and well written. The same is true of this book but I would add a third descriptor as well, ambitious. Turner acknowledges at the start that some readers may be inclined to throw the book across the room in disgust, so he asks the reader's indulgence to stay with him to the end of the book. I think persistence will be rewarded with some very intriguing insights and a very challenging thesis.

First, Turner is attempting an integration of physiology with evolution. Second, he is using his integration to explain what he sees as an ignored problem, obvious design in the form and functioning of animals. Turner refers, somewhat indirectly, to a frequently mentioned problem with the results of modern DNA sequencing of whole genomes. There aren't enough genes to specify all of the complex structure and function that we see in animals. So where does it come from if we are not going to just leave the problem for intelligent design advocates to exploit? Turner's answer is homeostatic mechanisms, the ability of organisms to regulate their internal structure and function within narrow limits. A really fun part of the book for me was his series of examples on muscle and bone structure, circulation, embryogenesis and development, and intestines. Turner is a wonderful writer as he models thinking like a physiologist. Tuner's point is that each of his examples can be thought of as a Bernard Machine, named after the French physiologist who first identified the central role of homeostasis in physiology. Each of his examples show how homostasis can produce (design) an adapted structure that is not directly a result of genes.

Then Turner wisely admits that the thesis of his next section is where the reader's irritation is likely to build. Homeostasis can be used as an explanation for the origins of consciousness. I told you that this book was ambitious. I will be very interested in seeing if anybody takes up Turner's hypothesis as the basis for a research program. This idea really needs some more data. I, for one, would like to see somebody try to flesh out this idea.

A year of two ago, a writer in the journal Science pointed out that comparative physiology had become something of a moribund research discipline. That writer's suggested solution was the use of gene expression patterns by using DNA chips. Turner may well have presented another way to energize the field, integrate physiology into evolution in a really deep way, similar to what has happened to developmental biology recently.

I am tentatively convinced by Turner's arguments; they are reasonable if speculative at times. Turner points out that he doesn't think that any of the ideas in his book originate with him. He is just trying to put them together in a coherent form. I hope that biologists don't just ignore him.

One problem that readers will face in this book has nothing to do with the ideas but rather the presentation. Sometimes the material is quite accessable and other times it can be challenging. The neurobiology can be slow going. The general reader may have difficulty in places; the trained biologist will not have significant difficulty. The conversational style of writing and Turner's obvious enthusiasm will carry any reader along.

Read this book and let the debate begin.

Inspiring!
Turner's book is definitely one of the most inspiring I've read in the past few years. In present day biology, most research is dedicated to molecular biology: understanding the structure, sequence and interactions of DNA, proteins and other small biochemical molecules. There exists a hiatus between these intricate details and the beautiful form and function that we see in the living world around us. Most efforts to fill this gap are focusing on 'omics' - the field of science that tries to map the interaction networks and information flow among these small and diverse biochemical species.

Turner opens up a window to physiology that lets a fresh breeze into this high-tech world of current biology. By giving a list of beautiful examples of how function and phenotype are following from active maintenance of homeostasis, he shows how form, function and dysfunction arise from the striving for balance in living systems. The examples are clear and well-written, and the book should be easy to follow by people with a high school-level of biology.

In the second part of the book, Turner shows that the physiological processes from the examples are also involved in the process of natural selection. Moreover, he tries to show that the human intentionality - trying to shape the world to your own ideals - is not fundamentally different from other, more simple, living systems interacting with their environment.

The first part of the book is clear, concise and written with a nice pace. However, the second part of the book seems almost rushed. It makes controversial points in quick succession, jumping from the origin of life to the hereditability of physiologically shaped internal and external environments to intentionality in design of the living world, without taking the time to build up the argument in the way this is done in the first part of the book. I think it's a real shame that the book isn't a little bit longer. Turner should have taken the time to clarify his ideas, which are big steps to take, even for (or maybe especially for) the trained biologist. Turner is an inspiring scientist (with an emphasis on scientist; this book has nothing to do with the movement of "Intelligent Design") and his points and ideas still linger in my head when I philosophize a bit about biology. Still, he should have been more patient in trying to convince his readers to adapt his way of thinking about biology and evolution. Maybe in a next book; I sure hope this wasn't his last one.