Product Description

A portrait of a politician whose one consistent & relentlessly pursued principle was to win -- whatever the cost. Nixon was driven by a lifelong addiction to intrigue & power, whose subversion of democracy during Watergate was merely the culmination of years of cynical manipulation of the political system. Documents Nixon's role in plotting to topple Fidel Castro & in the attempted sabotage of the Vietnam peace talks; his unscrupulous acceptance of funds from dubious sources; his difficulties with alcohol & his use of unprescribed medication; his mental & emotional instability; the truth about his best friend, Bebe Rebozo; & his troubled marriage to his wife Pat. Photos.

Product Details

• Amazon Sales Rank: #1404289 in Books
• Published on: 2000-06-01
• Original language: English
• Binding: Hardcover
• 640 pages

Amazon.com Review
Anthony Summers is the past master of scandal, the man who brought you Goddess: The Secret Lives of Marilyn Monroe and that unforgettable (alleged) eyewitness account of J. Edgar Hoover in a flouncy black dress. Greater experts than I must rule on Summers's exhaustively researched portrait of Richard Nixon, The Arrogance of Power, but it sure is one racy read. Summers depicts a Nixon stoned out of his mind on Seconal, single-malt Scotch, Dilantin, speed, and clinical paranoia, pummeling his wife, Pat (who was rumored to have once been rescued by the Secret Service from drunkenly drowning in a bathtub). Summers's Nixon apparently took Mickey Cohen Mob money to fund his anti-Semitic, salacious smear campaign against Helen Gahagan Douglas to get his Senate start; framed Alger Hiss with a fake typewriter; traded gold for POWs with Vietcong; and issued orders to bomb Damascus and Jordan and nuke Vietnam and Korea (orders that were ignored until Nixon sobered up in the morning). His favorite limo was the SS100X that JFK died in. Nixon's shrink reportedly also treated Rita Hayworth, spoke like Dr. Strangelove, and used "Pavlovian technique" to "brainwash Nixon into becoming a better person." No luck.

Summers's Nixon favored the Greek generals who tortured pro-democracy types, and took a bribe from Göring's pal Nicolae Malaxa, who, thanks to Nixon, traded his Romanian mansion (in which thousands of Jews were tortured and killed) for a posh Manhattan apartment. Summers's most fascinating stuff concerns the Howard Hughes/Castro/Watergate connection. Did Nixon order CIA/Mafia plots to kill Castro? Did Robert Maheu (said to have inspired Mission: Impossible) arrange "sex services" and "assassination planning" for the CIA, and spy on Jean Peters and Ava Gardner for Howard Hughes? Did Hughes give big money to Nixon under the guise of saving the fast-food "Nixonburger" franchise of Richard's brother Donald Nixon (whom Richard had the FBI spy on)? Did the Castro plot get JFK killed, as Haldeman suspected? Was the Watergate break-in (one of perhaps 100 Nixon break-ins) intended to seize information about Nixon's Hughes loans and Castro plots?

Summers tries to assess his massive data while he's presenting it, and he doesn't credit every wild tale equally. Still, without him, I would never have heard about Castro's alleged ex-girlfriend, "the Mata Hari of the Caribbean," hired by future Watergate burglars to re-seduce Castro and slip two poison pills in his coffee. But she hid the pills in her cold-cream jar, and when she took them out in their Havana Hilton bathroom, they'd melted. Besides, her close encounter with the leader left her "torn by feelings of love." The Arrogance of Power won't give you this feeling. --Tim Appelo

From Publishers Weekly
Summers's hefty, well-researched and unrelentingly negative biography seeks to make one thing perfectly clear: something was wrong with Tricky Dick all along, and the misdeeds that marked his presidency flowed naturally from his flawed character. Nixon, he argues, became a captive of his own pride and ambition, driven to demonstrate "guts" and keep his power, no matter whom he hurt. Summers paints the Nixon of the '50s as racketeer-influenced: he supports his claims with material on early adviser Murray Chotiner, presidential pal Bebe Rebozo, crime boss Meyer Lansky, eccentric millionaire Howard Hughes and other shady affiliates. Nixon's outwardly tranquil marriage to Pat drove her to secret chain-smoking, Summers writes, and nearly to alcoholism. In the Oval Office, Summers notes, Nixon was sometimes "rendered unstable by fatigue, alcohol and medication," such as the psychoactive drug Dilantin. His White House cabal pulled off more and stranger dirty tricks than the public record has shown; and flights of irrational belligerence led him to order off-the-cuff "acts of war"Dorders his aides had to scramble to intercept. After news of Watergate broke, Nixon's incoherence grew worse; top aides shielded him even while questioning his sanity. Summers (Official & Confidential: The Secret Life of J. Edgar Hoover, etc.) talked to hundreds of sources, some previously untappedDamong them Nixon's sometime confidant and psychotherapist, Dr. Arnold Hutschnecker. Though he sometimes construes as nefarious schemes what others might call normal politics, Summers's impressive research largely backs up his condemnatory attitude. With almost 150 pages of carefully spelled-out documentation and notes, the volume is no hit-and-run job; it's the most thorough case against Nixon yet, reminding us both how complex our 37th president was and how much damage he ultimately did. 32 pages b&w photos. First serial to Vanity Fair (Aug. 28)
Copyright 2000 Reed Business Information, Inc.

About the Author
Anthony Summers formerly covered wars and other world news events for the BBC. He lives in Ireland with his wife and principle colleague, Robbyn Swan.

Customer Reviews

An Obituary
Anthony Summers setting of his decision to spend five plus years working the details of the life of Nixon is important. Along with Norman Mailer, he was pissed off at the obits cranked out in 1994 on Nixon's death, Obits written in the spirit of the cover-up. Perhaps the best way to frame this book is an obit crafted by an enemy list wanna-be. As yet another citizen still distressed at being left off that famous list -- I think Summers got Richard M. Nixon right on.

"Arrogance" is a full biography crafted around a collection of psychological insights into the subject -- it is a tale of one soul's journey through 20th century American Politics -- a tale of predictable disasters. It is so much more than Watergate, though readers knowledgable of Watergate detail will find much here that is new, and demands integration into one's Watergate fact file. But since Nixon materials are scheduled to be opened by various archives well into the second quarter of the 21st century, we probably will need more Summers-like books, books that synthesize new materials either as additions or corrections into the detailed analysis of Nixon.

But in year 2000 Summers adds it up as follows: Nixon as a kid learned telling the truth frequently led to a whipping, telling lies avoided that possibility. He learned to stuff his emotions so deep, they never really matured. He came to doubt his parents evangelical Quaker piety -- but he never explored so as to replace it with a mature value and belief system. He was ripe to be caught by that place where the American Mafia and American Business intersect, and need presentable political actors. In 1946 they needed a vet, good education, someone with a velvet fist to bust the labor movement, someone who would serve interests so long as he was well paid, (under the table mind you). Nixon got and took the offer -- and Summers details the whole long list of transactions that salt Nixon's rise...all the way to the post resignation annual visits to his secret Swiss Bank Accounts.

Much has been made in the press of the possible physical abuse of Pat Nixon at her husband's hand -- the sources are interesting, but not convicting. Nonetheless, the narrative is filled with instances of psychological abuse, a profound story of attachment disorder. One wonders why no one speculated about this during the long Nixon public career?

Summers provides the basis for raising the question needing debate -- how was it that a political party selected this flawed person for leadership? Just reading through the sources one understands Nixon's intimates knew something of the truth -- but they nominated him twice for Vice President, and three times for President -- we need to comprehend why. His own psychologist seemed to know in 1951 that he could not handle stress, but professional ethics of course kept him from speaking out. His profound problems with truth and trust were apparent to his political allies -- but they turned away from the responsibility to act. Summers does not ask these questions, but readers ought to consider them.

One Historian to Another -- Poorly Done
The use of second and third-hand sources in this book is shoddy history at best. Apart from the poorly-supported accusations made towards Mr. Nixon's treatment of his wife, Summers in general seems willing to force whatever facts he produces fit his desired conclusion. It appears that this is clearly not quite the book to forever define Nixon that Mr. Summers and Viking Press wanted to market. Many of the subjects discussed in the book are badly in need of more credible analysis, and Mr. Summers has done a disservice to many sincere critics of Mr. Nixon with this apparently commercially-driven work.

Indeed, the marketing of this book should give caution to anyone who considers this book a strong historical piece. First, Viking Press and Summers refused to make the book available for critical review, claiming the material was too sensitive yet making sure parts were featured in Vanity Fair, not exactly a paragon of literary interpretation. Then right before the book's release, they gave access to the New York Times, getting the story and controversy that allowed this book to become a large seller, which appears to have been more important than any other consideration with regard to this book.

Mr. Nixon's career merits more critical examination. More of his White House Tapes will likely be released, and the insights from those tapes alone may well be a better marker for historians than this work of questionable integrity. Mr. Summers, a very talented fellow, should be capable of doing better than this.

An unrelenting and rapid-fire assault
Right or wrong, Richard Nixon has been singularly defined in biographies, commentaries, TV and film productions and, yes, even an opera, by his resignation in 1974 of the presidency of the United States. Not here. Just as author Anthony Summers did in his definitive analysis of another 20th century icon ("Goddess: The Secret Lives of Marilyn Monroe"), he lays out more than 600 pages of incredibly minute attributions in a relentlessly negative yet saucy treatment of the nation's 37th president. Although not scandal, Summers' final product is, if nothing else, racily relentless and throughly negative. Through it all, we get more of Nixon's alleged misbehaviors and unethical and illegal acts than a truly defining psycho-profile of this truly dark - even scary - figure. This isn't to say that Summers' work isn't a contribution to the continuing Nixon saga. It is. If nothing else, Summers' "challenge" to other writers might be to throttle them out of 1974 - and for most Nixon commentators, if not all, it still is and always will be 1974 - to probe the man capable of orchestrating the alleged events that Summers lays out in this book. Among them: Nixon's only Senate campaign in 1950 against Helen Gahagan Douglas, she who was "pink right down to her underwear" and was ravaged by Nixon's defamatory and anti-Semitic and trademark smear ideology, was funded in part by mob money from Mickey Cohen. Just a few years earlier, as a junior member of Congress' obscene Communist witchhunt committee, Nixon stooped to the illegal altering of evidence to condemn his dogged nemisis, Alger Hiss, to four years in a federal prison. Another unethical, if outright illegal plot after another in a supposed link between Howard Hughes, Fidel Castro and - yes - Watergate is laid out. And while there's never been any direct evidence that Nixon ordered the break-in that led to his presidential self-destruction (although he clearly authorized its cover-up), Summers claims here Nixon okay'ed more than 100 other break-ins throughout his political career. While the reader gets more of Nixon's alleged but previously unknown examples of illegal and unethical conduct, we get fewer explanations of what has been elusive to virtually everyone studying the man: what drove him. But we do get some glimpses into the Nixon psyche that could account for what made the total man: an ambition with no goal that started as early as age six but whose goal targeted politics a few years later; a never-satisfied thirst for power that was abused to "punish" Nixon's "enemies" and for the purpose of holding onto that power; a descent into experimentation with Seconals, Dilantin, speed and Scotch; having as his favorite limo the SS110X which, coincidentally, was the one in which JFK was killed; and, maybe in a brief concession to his dark side, an attempt with "Paviovian technique" to become "a better person." By book's end, Summers makes one thing "perfectly clear:" there was definitely something wrong with Richard Nixon. What exactly is elusive. But Summers' bio is still an important and compelling contribution to the written body of the Nixon library, and we can only hope that post-Watergate writers and researchers will carry Summers' work further and do what any few Nixon-ites have: to try to define the man by his totality rather than by his single act of being the only president in U.S. history to resign the world's most powerful seat.