Listmania!
A roughly chronological list of the world's greatest epics
By an Amazon.com customer
Gilgamesh: A New English VersionGilgamesh: A New English Version by Stephen Mitchell
Buy new: $10.20 / Used from: $4.59
Gilgamesh is required reading if you enjoy epics. This ancient story contains an account of the Great Flood that predates the biblical version. This verse version by Stephen Mitchell is lively and accessible.
The Iliad / The OdysseyThe Iliad / The Odyssey by Homer
Buy new: $20.79 / Used from: $12.00
This is that boxed set I mentioned in my introduction. The Iliad & the Odyssey are mandatory for any serious reader of epics. Homer was not only a first-rate poet, he was a top-notch story teller. For beginners, try the Fagles or Lombardo translations. If you've already read Homer a few times, then try Fitzgerald.
MahabharataMahabharata by William Buck
Buy new: $15.61 / Used from: $8.95
This cornerstone of Indian culture began as a 24,000 line story about the struggle for a kingdom in northern India. Over the next 1000 years, it morphed into a sprawling, chaotic jumble over 1,000,000 lines long. Fortunately, most English translations cut out the later additions, leaving us with the core story, which is a real gem. Try the William Buck or Krishna Dharma translations.
The Ramayana: A Modern Retelling of the Great Indian EpicThe Ramayana: A Modern Retelling of the Great Indian Epic by Ramesh Menon
Buy new: $12.24 / Used from: $4.44
Ramayana is another cornerstone of Indian culture. I haven't read it yet, but I'm looking forward to it. I selected this translation for several reasons: 1) The Amazon reader reviews are unanimous in their praise, 2) It is faithful to original tale.
The Voyage of Argo: The Argonautica (Penguin Classics)The Voyage of Argo: The Argonautica (Penguin Classics) by Apollonius of Rhodes
Buy new: $10.20 / Used from: $4.50
This is the Greek epic of Jason and the Argonauts, and their quest for Golden Fleece. While it is well written, there is more travelogue then story here. However, the section on Jason and Medea stealing the fleece is superb.
The AeneidThe Aeneid by Virgil
Buy new: $26.40 / Used from: $9.95
This Roman epic is about Aeneas, who flees Troy with his people to settle in Italy and father the founders of Rome. It includes the famous story of the Trojan Horse. This book is challenging, but worth the effort. It is one of my all-time favorites. There are many excellent translations. Try Mandelbaum, Fagles, Lombardo, or Fitzgerald.
The Metamorphoses of OvidThe Metamorphoses of Ovid by Ovid
Buy new: $13.60 / Used from: $3.86
In this epic, Ovid retells the myths that have transformation as a key story element. The myths are Roman, but most of them have Greek origins. This is a key literary source for Dante, Shakespeare, and countless others. The Mandelbaum translation is superb, and a complete joy to read. Highly recommended.
The Thebaid: Seven against Thebes (Johns Hopkins New Translations from Antiquity)The Thebaid: Seven against Thebes (Johns Hopkins New Translations from Antiquity) by Publius Papinius Statius
Buy new: $25.00 / Used from: $14.05
I haven't read this yet, but it is sitting in my library. After thumbing through it, I have to say it looks excellent. Statius was a major influence on Dante and other Italian epic poets. He is all but forgotten today. I'm not sure why, because the passages I've read are gripping. I'm looking forward to reading it!
The Trojan Epic: Posthomerica (Johns Hopkins New Translations from Antiquity)The Trojan Epic: Posthomerica (Johns Hopkins New Translations from Antiquity) by Quintus of Smyrna
Buy new: $55.00 / Used from: $29.15
Quintus wasn't a great poet, but we was a decent story teller. In this epic, he tells many of the Trojan War stories that Homer left out. These are events that precede and follow the events recorded in the Iliad. I read a prose translation called The War at Troy, by Frederick Combellack. I'm looking forward to reading this new verse translation by Alan James.
The TainThe Tain
Buy new: $14.95 / Used from: $5.25
This is a prose epic from Ireland, written sometime in the 8th century. It is about a cattle raid that is held off by the hero, Cuchulainn, also known as the Hound of Ulster. While it has its flaws, it also has some really splendid moments and is worthy of any epic lover's attention.
Beowulf: A New Verse Translation (Bilingual Edition)Beowulf: A New Verse Translation (Bilingual Edition)
Buy new: $10.04 / Used from: $4.99
Seamus Heaney provides us with a masterful verse translation of a rip-roaring tale. Lord of the Rings fans, take note: Tolkien was the first to really point out Beowulf's literary merit. Beowulf also inspired Tolkien's "ring" concept and the Hobbit's dragon-slaying scene. It's a quick, fun read. Highly recommended.
Shahnameh: The Persian Book of KingsShahnameh: The Persian Book of Kings by Abolqasem Ferdowsi
Buy new: $32.85 / Used from: $14.01
A hugely influential eleventh century Persian epic.
The Saga of the Volsungs (Penguin Classics)The Saga of the Volsungs (Penguin Classics) by Anonymous
Buy new: $9.89 / Used from: $5.93
In your epic quest, be sure to include a few Norse sagas. They are written in prose and tend to be fast-paced, bloody, and to the point. Just the way you like it, right? The Saga of the Volsungs is one of the most famous. You can tell it influenced Tolkien, and it was also Wagner's primary source for his Ring opera cycle.
The Song of Roland (Penguin Classics)The Song of Roland (Penguin Classics) by Anonymous
Buy new: $10.40 / Used from: $1.97
This French epic from the Middle Ages is also second-rate, but it is reasonably well-written. It's also crammed with vivid descriptions of battles, blood, gore, and head-cleavings. If you like lots of action and aren't too worried about plot, historical accuracy, or character development, this is the epic for you. I read the Glyn Burgess translation, which is nicely done.
The Poem of the Cid: Dual Language Edition (Penguin Classics) (Spanish and English Edition)The Poem of the Cid: Dual Language Edition (Penguin Classics) (Spanish and English Edition) by Anonymous
Buy new: $9.89 / Used from: $5.83
Another Medieval epic told in direct, simple language. It is better than The Song of Roland, but lacks the artistic quality of Beowulf. It's a quick read, though, so don't leave this one out!
Njal's Saga (Classics)Njal's Saga (Classics) by Magnus Magnusson
Buy used from: $0.25
Don't miss this prose epic, often called "the Icelandic Iliad." It is the story of a fifty-year series of blood feuds and the struggle to contain them within a precarious legal system. This saga is a fast-moving look into the Scandinavian world of 1000 years ago.
Song of the Nibelungs: A Verse Translation from the Middle High German Nibelungenlied (Waynebooks, No 15)Song of the Nibelungs: A Verse Translation from the Middle High German Nibelungenlied (Waynebooks, No 15)
Buy new: $25.95 / Used from: $1.88
A wonderful verse translation of this German epic. It contains some of Wagner's source material for his Ring opera cycle. As far as literary quality goes, it's second rate. However, it is fast paced and a major national epic.
Sir Gawain and the Green Knight (Penguin Classics)Sir Gawain and the Green Knight (Penguin Classics) by Anonymous
Buy new: $8.00 / Used from: $0.01
Don't miss this little gem. It is one of the best of the medieval epics. Well worth the effort. And Brian Stone's essays provide excellent background info for appreciating the work more fully. Also check out the new translation by Simon Armitage.
Three Kingdoms: Chinese Classics (Classic Novel in 4-Volumes) (No. 1-4)Three Kingdoms: Chinese Classics (Classic Novel in 4-Volumes) (No. 1-4) by Luo Guanzhong
Buy new: $44.95 / Used from: $40.00
As far as I know, this Chinese epic wasn't originally a poem. However, it is certainly an epic. This is China's equivalent to the Iliad/Odyssey or Mahabharata/Ramayana sagas.
The Divine ComedyThe Divine Comedy by Dante Alighieri
Buy new: $37.50 / Used from: $9.35
This masterpiece of structure, allegory, and symbolism is the most challenging book I've ever read. At least try to read Inferno. Patient readers who continue reading will find plenty of additional treasures. I read the Ciardi translation. His poetry is excellent, and his notes are indispensable. I also recommend the Mandelbaum translation, based on other things I have read by him.
The Canterbury Tales (Penguin Classics)The Canterbury Tales (Penguin Classics) by Geoffrey Chaucer
Buy new: $8.00 / Used from: $2.69
I'm wimping out on my Chaucer here by listing a "modernized" version. But I thought I'd get familiar with an "easy" version before I dug in with the original Middle English. Important tip: Read it aloud. That's when you really hear the music. A few of the stories are duds, but the good ones are superb.
Troilus and Criseyde (Penguin Classics)Troilus and Criseyde (Penguin Classics) by Geoffrey Chaucer
Buy new: $8.58 / Used from: $0.01
Again, I'm wimping out by posting a modernized version. This epic is based on a Trojan War story that is also included in Ovid. See? Chaucer liked Ovid, too!
Orlando Furioso (Oxford World's Classics)Orlando Furioso (Oxford World's Classics) by Ludovico Ariosto
Buy new: $12.21 / Used from: $3.95
This epic is a parody of medieval romances, and was itself lampooned by Cervantes in Don Quixote. The version I've selected for my list is a critically acclaimed prose translation. If you poke around, you can also find Barbara Reynolds' verse translation, which is now out of print.
Jerusalem Delivered (Gerusalemme liberata)Jerusalem Delivered (Gerusalemme liberata) by Torquato Tasso
Buy new: $19.80 / Used from: $15.01
Epic of the First Crusade in the eleventh century. I haven't read it yet, but this Anthony Esolen translation looks excellent.
Paradise Lost (Norton Critical Edition)Paradise Lost (Norton Critical Edition) by John Milton
Buy new: $13.67 / Used from: $11.65
I'm ashamed to say I haven't read this one yet; but naturally, I'm looking forward to it. I selected this edition for my list because of its excellent reviews, its scholarly but unobtrusive footnotes, and its critical essays.
The Kalevala: Or Poems of the Kaleva DistrictThe Kalevala: Or Poems of the Kaleva District by Elias Lonnrot
Buy new: $22.23 / Used from: $11.95
This unusual national epic of Finland is based on a collection of songs. The songs are very old, and were first compiled as a book in the 1670s. They later gained wider popularity from a collection published in the mid-1800s. I recommend the Magoun translation.
Lady of the Lake (Eclectic English Classics)Lady of the Lake (Eclectic English Classics) by Sir Walter Scott
Buy new: $17.95 / Used from: $4.26
This mini-epic is about Scottish clan wars during the reign of James V. It can be a bit slow and confusing at times, but the poetry is first-rate and it has several really great scenes. Be sure to get an edition that discusses the historical context and has decent footnotes.
Idylls of the King (Penguin Classics)Idylls of the King (Penguin Classics) by Alfred Tennyson
Buy new: $9.80 / Used from: $3.80
This epic retells many of the key stories from the Arthurian legends.
John Brown's BodyJohn Brown's Body by Stephen Vincent Benet
Buy new: $14.49 / Used from: $0.83
This is a Pulitzer Prize-winning poem about the American Civil War.
ODYSSEY: A MODERN SEQUEL (Touchstone Books)ODYSSEY: A MODERN SEQUEL (Touchstone Books) by Nikos Kazantzakis
Buy used from: $18.83
A Nobel Laureate's stunning sequel to Homer's Odyssey.
Aniara: An Epic Science Fiction PoemAniara: An Epic Science Fiction Poem by Harry Martinson
Buy used from: $9.33
This science fiction epic poem is very popular in Sweden, where its author won the Nobel Prize.
The Donner Party (poetry)The Donner Party (poetry) by George Keithley
Buy used from: $1.25
A sparse, fast-paced epic about the Donner Party's journey west and the hardships they encountered. An excellent poetic supplement to George Stewart's Ordeal by Hunger.
Chief Joseph of the Nez PerceChief Joseph of the Nez Perce by Robert Penn Warren
Buy used from: $3.49
This mini-epic, by one of America's most honored poets, tells a tragic tale of the American West. Recommended.
Emperor Shaka the Great: A Zulu Epic (Unesco Collection of Representative Works. African Authors Series)Emperor Shaka the Great: A Zulu Epic (Unesco Collection of Representative Works. African Authors Series) by Mazisi Kunene
Buy used from: $87.42
This recent epic was translated from the original Zulu into English by its author. It drags a bit from its constant "praise songs," but the poetry, story, and characters are excellent. If you can find it, read it. It is definitely worth your time.
Genesis: An Epic PoemGenesis: An Epic Poem by Frederick Turner
Buy used from: $58.49
Another acclaimed science fiction epic.