Listmania!
The Essential Geek Chef
By an Amazon.com customer
On Food and CookingOn Food and Cooking by Harold McGee
Buy used from: $14.16
Science, history and cooking, in one convenient tome!
The Curious Cook: More Kitchen Science and LoreThe Curious Cook: More Kitchen Science and Lore by Harold McGee
Buy used from: $14.49
Particularly important for the fruit ice recipes.
I'm Just Here for the Food: Food + Heat = CookingI'm Just Here for the Food: Food + Heat = Cooking by Alton Brown
Buy new: $21.45 / Used from: $8.87
Sort of like "applied McGee", learn what cooking does, not just recipes.
The Professional Pastry Chef: Fundamentals of Baking and Pastry, 4th EditionThe Professional Pastry Chef: Fundamentals of Baking and Pastry, 4th Edition by Bo Friberg
Buy new: $38.50 / Used from: $34.68
Encyclopedic, entertaining, and has a ton of yummy stuff, plus plating tips!
Vegetarian Cooking for EveryoneVegetarian Cooking for Everyone by Deborah Madison
Buy used from: $10.30
Not really a vegetarian cookbook; it's a book of good food without meat.
The Making of a Chef: Mastering Heat at the Culinary InstituteThe Making of a Chef: Mastering Heat at the Culinary Institute by Michael Ruhlman
Buy new: $11.56 / Used from: $4.95
Faster and cheaper than the real CIA!
The Chinese Kitchen: Recipes, Techniques, Ingredients, History, and Memories from America's Leading Authority on Chinese CookingThe Chinese Kitchen: Recipes, Techniques, Ingredients, History, and Memories from America's Leading Authority on Chinese Cooking by Eileen Yin-fei Lo
Buy new: $26.37 / Used from: $9.37
Mmmm. Steamed pork buns.
Joy of CookingJoy of Cooking by Irma S. Rombauer
Buy new: $23.10 / Used from: $3.75
If it mentions Der Struwwelpeter, it has to be good. The anecdotes and historical nonsense are the real reasons to get the not-latest edition.
The Fannie Farmer Cookbook: AnniversaryThe Fannie Farmer Cookbook: Anniversary by Marion Cunningham
Buy new: $19.80 / Used from: $9.07
For basic american cooking.